There’s a huge number of information about autism out there. And though we are all aware that doctors who specialized on developmental disorders were the ones who can give and confirm such diagnosis, it is important that people who constantly interacts with children including parents, caregivers and educators should be equipped with knowledge about autism. Over the years of my hands-on practice and incessant readings, I have accumulated some information that will give us understanding of Autism:
1.Autism is a pervasive developmental disorder (PDD). In its spectrum belong other disorders that present similar symptoms. Among these disorders are Rett Syndrome, Asperger Syndrome, Childhood Disintegrative Disorder and PDD Not Otherwise Specified.
The triad to look out for in Autism involves: impairments in language & communication, social interaction and the presence of repetitive/stereotypic behavior & unusual interests. But other symptoms can also be observed.
2. Etiology of Autism is still unknown. There are many factors that may be linked with Autism including maternal health, pre-natal, perinatal and postnatal trauma, brain development anomalies and genetic and environmental interplay. Recently, controversies arise, when certain studies link autism to vaccines. ( Personally, I believe that this claim has a long way to go before they can finally establish the linkage of vaccines and PDDs.)
3. Other characteristics of children with autism: fails to establish eye-contact, does not respond to affection, lacks social smile, rarely speaks or if they do, the words tend to be meaningless and echolalic in nature, exhibits preservation of sameness or in other words-obsession in keeping a routine, fails or have difficulty in communicating needs, have sensory integration problems, have cognitive deficits, does not interact with other children during play, fails or have difficulty in performing activities of daily living.
4. Early diagnosis is always beneficial. Usually when parents notice increasingly unusual symptoms at the age of 2 -3, they seek professional diagnosis thus early intervention can be given. That is better than waiting a few more years before seeking help. Each child is given a different and individualized treatment plan which are mostly aimed towards maximizing the child’s potentials, eliminating harmful behaviors, increasing independence in performance of activities of daily living and communication of needs. The goals add up and tend to me more complex when the status of the child’s functioning increases. Such goals are achieved when a team of professionals work comprehensively together with the primary caregivers of the child. Among these professionals are the Developmental Pediatricians, Behavioral Therapist, Occupational Therapist, Speech Pathologist, Special Needs Educators and more.
5. Various programs are available to teach an assortment of techniques that help maximize the children’s learning and improve behavior. Among the ones I personally used with my previous students are the concepts of Applied Behavioral Analysis (ABA), Sensory Integration Techniques and TEACHH (Treatment and Education of Autistic and related Communication Handicapped Children).